Sperm
Women can obtain sperm from a friend, while others prefer sperm from an anonymous donor. Sperm banks provide women with frozen sperm from anonymous donors. Sperm stored at sperm banks is properly frozen and preserved in liquid nitrogen. It is tested for viability; sexually transmitted disease, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and is accompanied by a profile of the donor's background.
Washing sperm before IUI kills some of the sperm and interferes with others. "Dizzy sperm," as they are called, may not be able to swim through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes. Still, IUI is successful because all of the sperm is inserted directly into the uterus. Sperm that has been frozen in a home freezer is not viable for insemination. There is a greater risk for sexually transmitted disease with fresh sperm, as it has not been tested.
Legal Issues
The laws regarding visitation rites and parent support among people who choose AI are undeveloped. There is a lack of statutes and precedent for unmarried partners. For these reasons, anyone donating or using sperm should consult a lawyer who is knowledgeable about legal issues surrounding AI. Women working with known donors are advised to hire an attorney and to make a legal agreement that protects all concerned. Lesbian partners are advised to make coparenting agreements that stipulate the care of the child in the event of separation. Some states allow coparent adoption, or same-sex parent adoption, and legally recognize both partners as parents.
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Overview
Types
Timing
Sperm
Legal Issues
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